BBR-induced Stark shifts and level broadening in helium atom

The precise calculations of blackbody radiation (BBR)-induced Stark shifts and depopulation rates for low-lying states of helium atom with the use of variational approach are presented. An effect of the BBR-induced induced Stark-mixing of energy levels is considered. It is shown that this effect leads to a significant reduction of lifetimes of helium excited states. As a consequence the influence of Stark-mixing effect on the decay rates of metastable states in helium is discussed in context of formation processes of the cosmic microwave background

Cash Demand and Financing Decisions

Recent literature starts to focus on the effects of the urgency of cash demand on the choice of financing sources. Extant studies use data from the U.S. and conclude that firms use debt financing to meet immediate cash demand and equity financing to meet longer-term cash demand. Using data from China, this paper uncovers opposite findings: Firms are more likely to use equity financing to meet immediate cash demand and debt financing to meet cash demand in longer terms. We discuss the possible mechanisms behind the pattern